Prepare the Pan: Preheat the oven and line a jelly roll pan with parchment paper. Lightly grease the parchment to make removing the sponge easier.
Whip the Eggs and Sugar: Beat the eggs and granulated sugar until pale, thick, and fluffy. Gently mix in the fresh lemon juice, lemon zest, and vanilla extract.
Add the Dry Ingredients: Whisk together the flour, baking powder, and salt. Gently fold the dry ingredients into the egg mixture until just combined. Do not overmix.
Bake the Sponge: Spread the batter evenly into the prepared pan. Bake until the sponge is lightly golden and springs back when gently touched.
Roll the Warm Cake: Turn the warm cake onto parchment paper or a clean kitchen towel dusted with powdered sugar. Carefully remove the baking parchment and gently roll the cake from one short end. Allow it to cool completely.
Make the Lemon Cream: Beat the heavy whipping cream, cream cheese, and powdered sugar until smooth, fluffy, and thick enough to spread. Fold in or mix with fresh lemon zest.
Fill the Sponge: Carefully unroll the cooled sponge. Spread the lemon cream evenly over the cake, leaving a small border around the edges.
Roll the Cake: Gently roll the sponge back up from the same short end. Use the parchment to help guide the cake into a neat spiral without pressing too firmly.
Chill and Serve: Wrap the finished cake and refrigerate until the filling is firm. Before serving, dust with powdered sugar and garnish with fresh lemon zest if desired. Slice and serve chilled or slightly cool.